Analysis of the Descriptive Lingual Level of Travel Diaries of Hajj Sayyah based on Fairclough’s (Critical Discourse Analysis) Pattern

Abstract

The Rhree-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse Analysis Allows the Analyst to Examine the Reflection of Ideology and the Domination of the Power System by Intertextual Description of the Linguistic Signs and their Social Interpretation and Explanation. The Purpose of this Study is to Investigate the Ideology and Domination of the Power System in Different Intertextual and Extra-Textual Layers of Hajj Sayyah Memoirs. Research Findings Show that the Level of Description, Method and Frequency of vocabulary use, indicators, action verbs, positive and definite verbs, simple Sentences, and the Naming Process, at Three Levels of Vocabulary, Syntax, and text have a prominent relationship with the power system. In the section of Relational Values, the Use of Quotations, the Dominance of the Declarative Aspect, the Use of Pronouns Commensurate with the Social Dignity of the Reference, and the Organizational Aspects of the Dialogue are among the Factors Representing the Relationships between Actors and commensurate with their position of power and the relationship between Power and Ideology. At Expressive Values’ Level, the Non-Metaphorical Nature of Language and the Use of Few Examples of it, Show the Author's explicit and reckless confrontation with the system of power. At the text Level, Two Different Constructions are Used in this Work. The Conclusion is that in the Reviewed work, the System of Power and Position of the Writer Regarded to it, has a Prominent Effect on the Use of Linguistic Signs at Different Lexical and Syntactic Levels.

Keywords

• critical discourse analysis
• norman fairclough
• haj sayyah memoirs
• description