Brain Sciences (Oct 2019)

Efficacy of Cell-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injuries

  • Matthew R. Chrostek,
  • Emily G. Fellows,
  • Winston L. Guo,
  • William J. Swanson,
  • Andrew T. Crane,
  • Maxim C. Cheeran,
  • Walter C. Low,
  • Andrew W. Grande

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100270
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 10
p. 270

Abstract

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a leading cause of death and disability. Additionally, growing evidence suggests a link between TBI-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Treatments for TBI patients are limited, largely focused on rehabilitation therapy, and ultimately, fail to provide long-term neuroprotective or neurorestorative benefits. Because of the prevalence of TBI and lack of viable treatments, new therapies are needed which can promote neurological recovery. Cell-based treatments are a promising avenue because of their potential to provide multiple therapeutic benefits. Cell-based therapies can promote neuroprotection via modulation of inflammation and promote neurorestoration via induction of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Neural stem/progenitor cell transplantations have been investigated in preclinical TBI models for their ability to directly contribute to neuroregeneration, form neural-like cells, and improve recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated in clinical trials through multiple different routes of administration. Intravenous administration of MSCs appears most promising, demonstrating a robust safety profile, correlation with neurological improvements, and reductions in systemic inflammation following TBI. While still preliminary, evidence suggests cell-based therapies may become a viable treatment for TBI based on their ability to promote neuroregeneration and reduce inflammation.

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