A comprehensive understanding of the gut mucosal immune system in allergic inflammation

Daisuke Tokuhara; Yosuke Kurashima; Mariko Kamioka; Toshinori Nakayama; Peter Ernst; Hiroshi Kiyono

Allergology International (Jan 2019)

A comprehensive understanding of the gut mucosal immune system in allergic inflammation

Daisuke Tokuhara,
Yosuke Kurashima,
Mariko Kamioka,
Toshinori Nakayama,
Peter Ernst,
Hiroshi Kiyono

Affiliations

Daisuke Tokuhara: Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Yosuke Kurashima: Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
Mariko Kamioka: Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Toshinori Nakayama: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Peter Ernst: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Hiroshi Kiyono: Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 68, no. 1
pp. 17 – 25

Abstract

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Despite its direct exposure to huge amounts of microorganisms and foreign and dietary antigens, the gut mucosa maintains intestinal homeostasis by utilizing the mucosal immune system. The gut mucosal immune system protects the host from the invasion of infectious pathogens and eliminates harmful non-self antigens, but it allows the cohabitation of commensal bacteria in the gut and the entry of dietary non-self antigens into the body via the mucosal surface. These physiological and immunological activities are regulated by the ingenious gut mucosal immune network, comprising such features as gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosal immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, secretory IgA, and commensal bacteria. The gut mucosal immune network keeps a fine tuned balance between active immunity (against pathogens and harmful non-self antigens) and immune tolerance (to commensal microbiota and dietary antigens), thus maintaining intestinal healthy homeostasis. Disruption of gut homeostasis results in persistent or severe gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, or allergic inflammation. In this review, we comprehensively introduce current knowledge of the gut mucosal immune system, focusing on its interaction with allergic inflammation. Keywords: Allergy, Microbiota, Mucosal immunity, Oral tolerance, Regulatory T cell

Published in Allergology International

ISSN: 1323-8930 (Print); 1440-1592 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Specialties of internal medicine: Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/allergology-international/

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