Granì (Jan 2017)
The agricultural sector of Ukraine in the era of Leonid Kuchma’s presidency: state and development trends
Abstract
Kuchma’s victory in the presidential campaign in 1994 was stipulated above society and fatigue failure of «top» act decisively and deliberately in the socio-economic sphere. As a result,the election headquarters of presidential candidate Leonid Kuchma diligently and consistently formed in the public mind the image of a strong manager, pragmatic, able to bring order to the economy, to ensure civil peace in the country. Among the rural population, imbued meet their basic living needs and basic survival, it found response. Agricultural policy has to provide a public priority of agriculture, promote escalating its export potential, transformation ahropotentsialu effective tool in international food policy, conservation and rural development. By components related policies, ensuring parity of prices for industrial and agricultural products; providing loans; reforming property; forming riznoukladnosti agrarian economy. The principles of privatization of land and had to have a progressive and tolerant nature; should mainly privatized plots, horticultural, country houses; then was carried by a large peasant privatization of agricultural land sharing; anticipated progressive development of land markets and land parcels; introduced strict discrimination zemletorhovoho business. Organizational forms of management include corporate structures, based on collective and state farms; cooperatives, non-competitive basis based on collective and state farms; farms, based on reserve lands; private land owners, and garden plots. Promoting social development of villages included: providing rural status of free economic zones and offshore and facilitate flow of capital there. From the chosen model of state regulation of agrarian production depended very much.For example, in Ukraine, liberal and protectionist mechanisms often succeeded each other. Has been found prudent in their use. Moreover, there was formal transformation of collective management unit, without changing anything in the property relations, motivation, resource. Among the reasons for failure must change first determine organizational failures. Properly found no testing proposals submitted by public authorities, political parties, NGOs and academic institutions. Implementation of ideas took place at the state level, at least - in the region. Hampered reform in agrarian sector imperfect legal framework. Reports of the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma to farmers nationwide meetings were purely political and ascertaining nature. For the most part placed multidimensional slice achievements and failures. In 2000, Ukraine’s copying the «previous» EU agricultural policy, which consisted in maintaining prices and production. As you know, it was largely negative consequences, because not conducive to competition, not protect the country from engaging in trade «war». Consequently, public spending in Ukraine practically directed in support of neighboring rural households households industries. Moreover, theoretical modeling goals of agrarian policy scholars and politicians often held under pressure, had a crisis nature. All in all, during the 1994-2004 years was created original version of state capitalism, in which elements of the free market were accompanied by extremely close cooperation of its members with government bureaucratic structures.
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