Incidence of Microorganisms in Blood Cultures Processed at a Hospital in the State of Zulia and Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

Bloodstream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. To determine incidence of the main microorganisms isolated from blood cultures and their antimicrobial resistance in a university hospital, 31,486 blood culture reports processed from January, 2008, to December, 2012, were reviewed. The percentage of positive blood cultures was 9.49%; the highest number was obtained in intensive care units (36.22%). 3,054 microorganisms were isolated: 67.62% Gram positive, 25.51% Gram negative, 6.84% yeast and 0.03% strict anaerobes. The predominant organisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, S. aureus, Candida spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both, S. aureus and the coagulase-negative species showed high resistance to oxacillin (72.0% and 88.9%, respectively) and sensitivity to vancomycin. A 26.4% of enterococci (E. faecium almost exclusively) were resistant to vancomycin. Acinetobacter baumannii and K. pneumoniae showed a high rate of resistance to the tested antibiotics. Overall, most of the microorganisms showed a progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance during the five years studied. It is necessary to review and adjust hospital policies for antibiotic use and strengthen control measures for the infected patient.

Keywords

• Hemocultivo
• bacteriemia
• fungemia
• resistencia antimicrobiana