Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (Aug 2022)

Long-term prognostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with metabolic syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention

  • Xiao-Lin Yu,
  • Qian Zhao,
  • Qian Zhao,
  • Fen Liu,
  • Fen Liu,
  • Yu-Juan Yuan,
  • Bin-Bin Fang,
  • Xue-He Zhang,
  • Xue-He Zhang,
  • Wen-Ling Li,
  • Wen-Ling Li,
  • Xiao-Mei Li,
  • Xiao-Mei Li,
  • Guo-Li Du,
  • Guo-Li Du,
  • Xiao-Ming Gao,
  • Xiao-Ming Gao,
  • Xiao-Ming Gao,
  • Yi-Ning Yang,
  • Yi-Ning Yang,
  • Yi-Ning Yang,
  • Yi-Ning Yang

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.947395
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9

Abstract

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and negatively affecting the prognosis of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent cytokine involved in various cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In this prospective study, we investigate the value of MIF in the long-term prognosis of STEMI combined with MetS after emergency PCI. Circulating MIF levels were measured at admission, and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were monitored during the follow-up period of 4.9 (3.9–5.8) years. MACCE occurred in 92 patients (22.9%), which was significantly higher in MetS (69/255, 27.1%) than in the non-MS subgroup (23/146, 15.8%, P < 0.05). Patients with MetS developed MACCE had the highest admission MIF level. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the cutoff value of admission MIF (143 ng/ml) showed that patients with a higher MIF level had a greater incidence of MACCE than those with lower MIF levels in both the MetS (P < 0.0001) and non-MetS groups (P = 0.016). After adjustment for clinical variables, the value of MIF ≥ 143 ng/ml still had the predictive power for the MetS group [HR 9.56, 95% CI (5.397–16.944),P < 0.001]; nevertheless, it was not the case in the non-MetS group. Our findings indicated that MetS is a critical risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI, and a high admission MIF level has predictive power for the long-term MACCE, which is superior in STEMI patients with MetS and better than other traditional predictors.

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