Photospheric Velocity Evolution of SN 2020bvc: Signature of r-process Nucleosynthesis from a Collapsar

Abstract

Whether binary neutron star mergers are the only astrophysical site of rapid neutron-capture process ( r -process) nucleosynthesis remains unknown. Collapsars associated with long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and hypernovae are promising candidates. Simulations have shown that outflows from collapsar accretion disks can produce enough r -process materials to explain the abundances in the universe. However, there is no observational evidence to confirm this result at present. SN 2020bvc is a broad-lined Type Ic (Ic-BL) supernova (SN) possibly associated with a low-luminosity GRB. Based on semi-analytic SN emission models with and without r -process materials, we perform a fitting to the multiband light curves and photospheric velocities of SN 2020bvc. We find that in a r -process-enriched model the mixing of r -process materials slows down the photospheric recession and therefore matches the velocity evolution better. The fitting results show that r -process materials with mass of ≈0.36 M _⊙ and opacity of ≈4 cm ^2 g ^−1 is needed to mix with about half of the SN ejecta. Our fitting results are weakly dependent on the nebular emission. Future statistical analysis of a sample of Type Ic-BL SNe helps us understand the contribution of collapsars to the r -process abundance.

Keywords

• Core-collapse supernovae
• Type Ic supernovae
• R-process
• Explosive nucleosynthesis
• Nucleosynthesis