Health characteristics of looked after children and young people in residential homes in the Maltese islands

Abstract

Looked after children and young people are a vulnerable group of minors exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), who have greater health needs. This study explored the health characteristics of the population of Looked after children and young people residing in residential care in the Maltese Islands run by the newly established looked after children and young people healthcare service, which also coincided with the relaxing of Covid-19 restrictions. The quantitative data were gathered in the form of a prospective audit. The population of looked after children and young people (N=200) showed that 90 per cent (n=180) were victims of child maltreatment. Ninety-four per cent (n=188) had at least one physical health issue, 60 per cent (n=119) at least one mental health problem, and 59 per cent (n=20) of minors under six had at least one developmental issue identified. Thirty-seven per cent (n=63) of looked after children and young people in school were statemented, indicating significant learning difficulties. Forty-four per cent (n=72) were found to be overweight/obese. This study highlights the importance of specialised healthcare services for looked after children and young people that can detect health needs specific to this group and influence pathways and policies to help improve their health outcomes. Findings further emphasise the importance of therapeutic care settings, with trauma-informed staff, who can promote resilience in looked after children and young people.

Keywords

• adverse childhood experiences
• child abuse
• child maltreatment
• health
• looked after children and young people
• trauma informed care
• malta