Reduction of Filamin C Results in Altered Proteostasis, Cardiomyopathy, and Arrhythmias

Abstract

Background Many cardiomyopathy‐associated FLNC pathogenic variants are heterozygous truncations, and FLNC pathogenic variants are associated with arrhythmias. Arrhythmia triggers in filaminopathy are incompletely understood. Methods and Results We describe an individual with biallelic FLNC pathogenic variants, p.Arg650X and c.970‐4A>G, with peripartum cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmias. We also describe clinical findings in probands with FLNC variants including Val2715fs87X, Glu2458Serfs71X, Phe106Leu, and c.970‐4A>G with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) were generated. The FLNC truncation, Arg650X/c.970‐4A>G, showed a marked reduction in filamin C protein consistent with biallelic loss of function mutations. To assess loss of filamin C, gene editing of a healthy control iPSC line was used to generate a homozygous FLNC disruption in the actin binding domain. Because filamin C has been linked to protein quality control, we assessed the necessity of filamin C in iPSC‐CMs for response to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. After exposure to low‐dose bortezomib, FLNC‐null iPSC‐CMs showed an increase in the chaperone proteins BAG3, HSP70 (heat shock protein 70), and HSPB8 (small heat shock protein B8) and in the autophagy marker LC3I/II. FLNC null iPSC‐CMs had prolonged electric field potential, which was further prolonged in the presence of low‐dose bortezomib. FLNC null engineered heart tissues had impaired function after low‐dose bortezomib. Conclusions FLNC pathogenic variants associate with a predisposition to arrhythmias, which can be modeled in iPSC‐CMs. Reduction of filamin C prolonged field potential, a surrogate for action potential, and with bortezomib‐induced proteasome inhibition, reduced filamin C led to greater arrhythmia potential and impaired function.

Keywords

• arrhythmia
• autophagy
• BAG3
• filamin C
• proteostasis