Automated Reinforcement Management System: Feasibility study findings of an app-based contingency management treatment for alcohol use disorder

Abstract

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder in the United States and is directly related to 5% of all annually reported deaths worldwide. Contingency Management (CM) is among the most effective interventions for AUD, with recent technological advancements allowing CM to be provided remotely.Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile Automated Reinforcement Management System (ARMS) designed to provide CM for AUD remotely.Methods: Twelve participants with mild or moderate AUD were exposed to ARMS in a A-B-A within-subject experimental design where they were required to submit three breathalyzer samples per day. During the B phase participants could earned rewards with monetary value for submitting negative samples. Feasibility was determined by the proportion of samples submitted and retention in the study and acceptability was based on participants self-reported experience.Results: The mean number of samples submitted per day was 2.02 out of 3. The proportion of samples submitted in each phase was 81.5%, 69.4% and 49.4%, respectively. Participants were retained for a mean of 7.5 (SD=1.1) out of 8 weeks with 10 participants (83.3%) completing the study. All participants found the app easy to use and stated it helped them reduce their alcohol use. Eleven (91.7%) would recommend the app as an adjunct to AUD treatment. Preliminary indicators of efficacy are also presented.Conclusions: ARMS has shown to be feasible and well accepted. If shown effective, ARMS can serve as an adjunctive treatment for AUD.

Keywords

• Alcohol use disorder
• Contingency management
• Digital therapeutics
• Telehealth
• remote treatment