Modern methods of studying of human gastro-intestinal microflora

Abstract

The aim of review. To discuss modern concepts on the structure and functions of intestinal microflora and its possible effect on development of certain diseases, as well as the basic methods of diagnostics of disorders of its qualitative and quantitative structure.Key points. Intestinal microflora plays important role in maintenance of normal ability to live of a human body. Its qualitative and quantitative pattern can vary under effect of environmental factors, in relation to age, gender and climatic geographical conditions. New data on relation of disorders of microflora with diseases of cardio-vascular system, disorders of metabolism, autoimmune and allergic diseases have appeared. From the middle of XX century bacteriological method of investigation based on obtaining of pure culture was widely applied in rating of microflora pattern. However, during the last decade modern methods of diagnostics which allow to investigate structure and functions of microorganisms at a genetic level, even at the presence of single bacterial cell in a sample.Conclusion. Application of modern methods of diagnostics allows to receive the unwrapped representation of microbic landscape of small and large intestine, and also to estimate character of metabolism of the defined microorganisms.

Keywords

• микробиота
• синдром избыточного бактериального роста
• методы диагностики
• молекулярно­генетический анализ
• метагеномика
• метаболомика