The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Mapping the Imprints of Stellar and Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in the Circumgalactic Medium with X-Ray Microcalorimeters
- Gerrit Schellenberger,
- Ákos Bogdán,
- John A. ZuHone,
- Benjamin D. Oppenheimer,
- Nhut Truong,
- Ildar Khabibullin,
- Fred Jennings,
- Annalisa Pillepich,
- Joseph Burchett,
- Christopher Carr,
- Priyanka Chakraborty,
- Robert Crain,
- William Forman,
- Christine Jones,
- Caroline A. Kilbourne,
- Ralph P. Kraft,
- Maxim Markevitch,
- Daisuke Nagai,
- Dylan Nelson,
- Anna Ogorzalek,
- Scott Randall,
- Arnab Sarkar,
- Joop Schaye,
- Sylvain Veilleux,
- Mark Vogelsberger,
- Q. Daniel Wang,
- Irina Zhuravleva
Affiliations
- Gerrit Schellenberger
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Ákos Bogdán
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- John A. ZuHone
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Benjamin D. Oppenheimer
- ORCiD
- University of Colorado , Boulder, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Nhut Truong
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ildar Khabibullin
- ORCiD
- Universitäts-Sternwarte , Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.1, 81679 München, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Space Research Institute (IKI) , Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Fred Jennings
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Annalisa Pillepich
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Joseph Burchett
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA
- Christopher Carr
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Robert Crain
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- William Forman
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Christine Jones
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Caroline A. Kilbourne
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Ralph P. Kraft
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Maxim Markevitch
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Daisuke Nagai
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Dylan Nelson
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg , Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Anna Ogorzalek
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
- Scott Randall
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Arnab Sarkar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Joop Schaye
- ORCiD
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Sylvain Veilleux
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Mark Vogelsberger
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Q. Daniel Wang
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Irina Zhuravleva
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad4548
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 969,
no. 2
p. 85
Abstract
The Astro2020 Decadal Survey has identified the mapping of the circumgalactic medium (CGM; the gaseous plasma around galaxies) as a key objective. We explore the prospects for characterizing the CGM in and around nearby galaxy halos with a future large-grasp X-ray microcalorimeter. We create realistic mock observations from hydrodynamical simulations (EAGLE, IllustrisTNG, and Simba) that demonstrate a wide range of potential measurements, which will address the open questions in galaxy formation and evolution. By including all background and foreground components in our mock observations, we show why it is impossible to perform these measurements with current instruments, such as X-ray CCDs, and why only microcalorimeters will allow us to distinguish the faint CGM emission from the bright Milky Way (MW) foreground emission lines. We find that individual halos of MW mass can, on average and depending on star formation rate, be traced out to large radii, around R _500 , and for larger galaxies even out to R _200 , using prominent emission lines, such as O vii , or O viii . Furthermore, we show that emission-line ratios for individual halos can reveal the radial temperature structure. Substructure measurements show that it will be possible to relate azimuthal variations to the feedback mode of the galaxy. We demonstrate the ability to construct temperature, velocity, and abundance ratio maps from spectral fitting for individual galaxy halos, which reveal rotation features, active galactic nucleus outbursts, and enrichment.
Keywords
