Metal nanoparticles-assisted early diagnosis of diseases

Abstract

Early diagnosis is essential for the effective illness treatment, but traditional diagnostic approaches inevitably have major downsides. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based biosensors have created new opportunities for accelerating diagnosis. High surface area, exceptional sensitivity, high specificity, and optical characteristics of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have made it possible to detect a variety of health conditions and diseases immediately, including cancer, viral infection, biomarkers, and in-vivo imaging. Metal nanoparticles may be produced in a variety of ways, enabling the creation of innovative tools for chemical and biological sensing targets. The utilization of various metal nano-formulations, metal oxide nanoplatforms, and their composites in the early identification of illnesses is reported and summarized in this review. Additionally, the challenging corners in the use of metal oxide-based nano-scale diagnostic technologies in clinical applications are highlighted. The current work is believed to serve as a roadmap for in-depth research on inorganic nanomedicine, both in-vitro and in-vivo diagnosis of diseases and illnesses, especially pandemic infections like COVID-19.

Keywords

• Early diagnosis
• Metal nanoparticles
• Biosensors
• Cancers
• COVID-19