Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia (Apr 2006)
Efeito da adição de clonidina subaracnóidea à bupivacaína hiperbárica e sufentanil para analgesia de parto Efecto de la adición de clonidina subaracnoidea en la bupivacaína hiperbara y sufentanil en la analgesia del parto The effect of adding subarachnoid clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine and sufentanil during labor analgesia
Abstract
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A adição de clonidina subaracnóidea (um alfa-agonista), prolonga a ação analgésica da combinação do sufentanil e da bupivacaína isobárica em analgesia combinada para o trabalho de parto. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a qualidade e a duração de analgesia e a incidência de efeitos colaterais após a adição de clonidina subaracnóidea à bupivacaína hiperbárica e sufentanil em anestesia combinada raqui-peridural para o trabalho de parto. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 26 gestantes de termo, estado físico ASA I, em trabalho de parto, que receberam aleatoriamente no espaço subaracnóideo: clonidina, sufentanil e bupivacaína (n = 13), denominado Grupo Clon/Sufenta/Bupi, 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica a 0,5% associada a 2,5 µg de sufentanil e 30 µg de clonidina; sufentanil e bupivacaína (n = 13), denominado Grupo Sufenta/Bupi, 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica a 0,5% associada a 2,5 µg de sufentanil. O estudo foi duplamente encoberto. A dor e os efeitos colaterais (náusea, vômito, prurido, hipotensão arterial e sedação) foram avaliados a cada cinco minutos nos primeiros 15 minutos e, a seguir, a cada 15 minutos até o nascimento. A dor foi avaliada com a escala analógica visual de 0-10 cm (VAS = 0, ausência de dor e 10, dor insuportável), e o estudo foi encerrado no momento em que foi necessária complementação analgésica peridural (dor > 3 cm) ou ao nascimento. A análise estatística foi realizada com os testes t de Student e Exato de Fisher, considerando como significativo p JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La adición de clonidina subaracnoidea (un alfa -agonista), prolonga la acción analgésica de la combinación del sufentanil y de la bupivacaína isobárica en analgesia combinada para el trabajo de parto. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la calidad y la duración de la analgesia y la incidencia de los efectos colaterales después de la adición de clonidina subaracnoidea en la bupivacaína hiperbara y sufentanil en anestesia combinada raqui-peridural durante el trabajo de parto. MÉTODO: Fueron estudiadas 26 gestantes a término, estado físico ASA I, en trabajo de parto que recibieron, al acaso en el espacio subaracnoideo: clonidina, sufentanil y bupivacaína (n = 13), denominado Grupo Clon/Sufenta/Bupi, 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbara al 0,5% asociada a 2,5 µg de sufentanil y 30 µg de clonidina; sufentanil y bupivacaína (n = 13), denominado Grupo Sufenta/Bupi, 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbara al 0,5% asociada a 2,5 µg de sufentanil. El estudio fue doble ciego. El dolor y los efectos colaterales (náuseas, vómito, prurito, hipotensión arterial y sedación) fueron evaluados cada cinco minutos en los primeros 15 minutos y, a seguir, cada 15 minutos, hasta el nacimiento. El dolor fue evaluado con la escala analógica visual de 0-10 cm (VAS = 0, ausencia de dolor y 10, dolor insoportable) y el estudio fue encerrado en el momento en que se hizo necesaria la complementación analgésica peridural (dolor > 3 cm) o al alumbramiento. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con los testes t de Student y Exacto de Fisher, considerando como significativo p BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adding subarachnoid clonidine (an alpha -agonist) prolongs the analgesic effect of the combination of sufentanil and isobaric bupivacaine when combined during labor analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare the quality and duration of the analgesia as well as the incidence of side-effects after the addition of subarachnoid clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine and sufentanil in a combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor. METHODS: Twenty-six patients, physical status ASA I in full-term pregnancy were studied. They randomly received the following in the subarachnoid space: clonidine, sufentanil and bupivacaine (n = 13) - referred to as the Clon/Sufenta/Bupi Group - wherein 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was added to 2.5 µg of sufentanil and 30 µg of clonidine; sufentanil and bupivacaine (n = 13) - referred to as the Sufenta/Bupi Group - wherein 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was added to 2.5 µg of sufentanil. This was a double-blind study. Evaluations of pain and side effects (nausea, vomiting, itching, low blood pressure and sedation) were conducted every five minutes for the first 15 minutes and after that, every 15 minutes up until the birth of the baby. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogic scale ranging from 0-10 cm (VAS 0 = absence of pain and 10 = unbearable pain). The study was over whenever complementary epidural anasthesia was found necessary (pain > 3 cm) or at the moment of birth. A Student t-test statistical analysis was performed and the results were significant (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean pain scores at the times measured were similar for the Clon/Sufenta/Bupi and Sufenta/Bupi Groups respectively: 0 min (8.9 ± 1.6/ 7.6 ± 2.1), 5 min (3.4 ± 2.3/ 2.3 ± 3.1), 10 min (1.5 ± 2.5/ 1.4 ± 2.2) and 15 min (0.26 ± 0.8/ 1.4 ± 2.2). No differences between the Clon/Sufenta/Bupi and Sufenta/Bupi Groups, respectively, were observed regarding: the duration of the analgesia (58.8 ± 32 min / 55.4 ± 53 min), itching (4/13 and 4/12 patients), nausea (1/13 and 1/12 patients), vomiting (1/13 and 0/12 patients) and low blood pressure (2/13 and 1/12 patients). The sedative effect of clonidine was not observed in any patient. One patient from the Sufenta/Bupi group was eliminated from the study because the anaesthesia failed to take effect after 15 minutues. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions observed in the study, adding a low dosage of clonidine when combined with a hyperbaric solution does not prolong the duration of the analgesia, does not improve the quality of the action and does not act as the determining factor for the occurence of low blood pressure or sedation.
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