STUDY OF THE BASIC OPERATION MODES AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS TO CONSTRUCT A MICROPOWER SOLAR POWER PLANT

Abstract

The relevance. Changes in geopolitics and conjuncture of the world energy markets, impact more and more the world economy, forcing not only to improve energy technologies, but also to determine the priorities of the state in the field of energy policy. One of these priorities is to increase generation from new types of renewable energy sources and rapid development of appropriate technologies, which, in their turn, provide cheaper production. At the same time, it is known that it is possible to increase the reliability of the power system and at the same time to increase the production of electricity at the expense of distributed energy, the basis of which is micro-generation from solar power plants. In this regard, additional research is needed to adapt the existing methods of calculation of photovoltaic systems to their use in development and construction of low-power solar power plants. The relevance is also caused by the fact that it is necessary to create the most effective and inexpensive system for converting solar energy into electrical energy, which would meet any given technical requirements, would be reliable and easy to operate. The main aim of the research is to develop an effective photovoltaic system and design an inexpensive microelectric solar power plant with specified parameters and technical characteristics for further experimental studies. The methods. When calculating and studying the main operation modes and structural elements of photovoltaic systems, the authors have used the results of numerous scientific studies, including applied research, and available experience in the field of solar energy, which was obtained in the performance of some theoretical and experimental work. DipTrace and EasyEDA systems were used in development and modeling of electronic circuits. The results. The authors substantiate the expediency of application of more simple methods to determine the probable or actual exposure with the use of the software PVsyst, with an error of no more than 10 %. They developed the technology for experimental production of photovoltaic modules of given geometric dimensions and nominal power and the reliable control system for a biaxial solar tracker due to the actuators, which increases the efficiency of photovoltaic systems in the latitudes of Western and South-Western Siberia. A block diagram for controling a micro-power solar power plant and electronic circuits of the MPPT solar controller, DC-DC Converter, DC-AC inverter, and the main control unit based on the ATmega326 microcontroller were designed.

Keywords

• renewable energy sources
• solar power plants
• autonomous power supply system
• photovoltaic module
• solar cell
• solar controller
• tracker
• actuator