Филологический класс (Jun 2022)
Syntactic Phraseological Constructions: Theoretical Interpretation from the Perspective of Bilingual Lexicography
Abstract
Non-regular syntactic constructions with idiomatic semantics are constantly used in speech, but they can hardly be found in dictionaries. They represent stable syntactic models which are retrieved from the memory not element by element, but as one whole, and have an idiomatic character, i.e. the meaning of the model cannot be deduced if one does not know the structure of the model and its meaning before filling it out with words. They are constantly reproduced, and in speech they are filled out with concrete vocabulary. Phraseological constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in the grammar of constructions. The phenomenon under consideration is characterized by such properties as polyelemental composition, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity, and fillability in speech. Such characteristics are indispensable: being deprived of at least one of these properties, a phraseological construction ceases to be one. However, phraseological constructions have a larger typical set of characteristics. The problems of syntactic phraseology are currently flourishing due to the increased interest in microsyntax and in the grammar of constructions. The focus of most studies is on specific syntactic phraseological constructions – their grammatical description, possible content, usage, semantics, less often – frequency, stylistic features and some other characteristic parameters. But despite the large number of works devoted to phraseologized constructions that have been published in the last decade, there is a lack of generalizing theoretical research. The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical understanding of this phenomenon, describe its specific features and the possibilities of their fixation in a bilingual dictionary based on a new lexicographic source – a Russian-German online dictionary of syntactic phraseological units-constructions. The article deals with the problems of singling out and formalization of the scheme, the conditions for reflecting the most accurate morphological characteristics for the slots while recording the construction, the criteria for distinguishing polysemy and homonymy in the construction study, and the problems of description of the meaning of the syntactic phraseological constructions and the description of construction variants with the same meaning and of the same style. The study also raises the questions of the meaning of syntactic phraseological constructions and the problem of semantic description of polysemantic constructions in the entries of a bilingual dictionary.
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