ریاضی و جامعه (Aug 2023)
Extended summary of ``A mathematical Phenomenon in the Quran of Earth-Shattering Proportions: A Quranic Theory Based on Gematria Determining Quran Primary Statistics (words, verses, chapters) and Revealing its Fascinating Connection with the Golden Ratio"
Abstract
(The above abstract has been extracted by the translator from the original article (Khaled Mahmoud Salim Al-Faqih, A mathematical Phenomenon in the Quran of Earth-Shattering Proportions: A Quranic Theory Based on Gematria Determining Quran Primary Statistics (words, verses, chapters) and Revealing its Fascinating Connection with the Golden Ratio, Journal of Arts and Humanities, 6 52–73).)Abstract: As Almighty God has promised to protect the Quran from alteration, corruption or distortion. Historically, the scripture of the Quran has been subjected to various intense mathematically-based studies to reveal the protection mechanisms embedded in the composition of the Quran and to provide evidence of its credibility, authenticity and divinity. Indeed, this study has discovered a mathematical framework in the Quran based on gematria (Abjad numerals) that provides substantial evidence of Quran’s divine authorship and its perfect protection from human tampering. Essentially, this study has proposed a new research direction in numerological studies of the Quran. This study is textually based on the text delivered to Prophet Muhammad and drawn using the primary 28 alphabets of the Arabic language (Uthmanic manuscript), the 112 un-numbered Basmalahs and the names of the Quran chapters. A numerical value (70.44911244) which is referred to in this study as the Quran Constant (QC) was derived to represent the mathematical design of the Quran. The Quran Constant has been found to be fundamental to the current study, whereby the Quran Constant manifests in all derived mathematical equations. The ratio of the total number of chapters in the Quran (114) which represents the physical design of the Quran divided by the Quran Constant (70.44911244) which represents the mathematical design of the Quran gives 1.6181893; it is amazingly almost equal to the golden ratio. This study has also discovered that Almighty God embedded mathematical equations in the composition of the Quran that can easily lead to determination of the Quran’s primary statistics (words, verses and chapters). This study has admirably discovered three elegant mathematical equations that determine the total number of words, verses and chapters with great accuracy. More importantly, letters/word ratio calculated in this study can be practically seen as a validation criterion of both the total number of letters and the total number of words in the Quran. Finally, what does this proof? It proves that the Quran’s miraculous athematical structure discovered in this study provides unequivocal mathematical proof that the Quran was divinely authored and has been perfectly preserved from the day it was revealed. Indeed, we are witnessing a mathematical phenomenon of earth-shattering proportions~ a miracle beyond earthly justification and human comprehension.1. IntroductionAfter introducing the theory of 19 by Rashad Khalifa in 1974 which states that the number 19 is the Quran’s common denominator, many researchers have pushed their research along the lines of this theory in an attempt to provide further evidence of the Quran divinity. Many Muslims scholars have invested much efforts in the pursuit of truths and facts of the Quran, particularly those related to the doctrine of miraculousness of the Quran to substantiate and prove its credibility and God’s total involvement in revealing the Quran. Apparently, all research works in relation to the numerology of the Quran lack comprehensiveness and sophistication. Furthermore, this study is set to mathematically and numerically validate and authenticate the first drawing of the Quran (Uthmanic manuscript) related statistics such as the total number of words, verses (Ayats) and chapters (Surahs) of the Quran. 2. Abjad numeralsThe intention of this study is to develop a mathematical theory to expose the built-in mathematical system from which the Quranic basic statistics (words, verses and chapters) can be numerically calculated with remarkably high level of accuracy. This theory is based purely on numerological calculations in which each Arabic alphabet (28 alphabets) is assigned a numerical value. This decimal numeral system has been known for a long time, whereas in Arabic this numeral system is referred to as Hisab Al-Jumal (King, 1974; Schanzlin, 1934). However, some interesting mathematical patterns in the Quran have been reported by Jarrar (2001) who has been xtensively using the gematrical numeral system (Abjad numerals). 3. Methodology and resultsThis study is intended to prove that the Quran statistics (words, verses and chapters) for the first drawing of the Quran can be computed through mathematical structure embedded by Almighty God. The one trillion dollar question: Does the Noble Quran have embedded mathematical equations that can be used to reveal its related basic parameters? If this happens to be true, therefore the probability that the Quran is a human manufacture is comparable to the probability of a hurricane sweeping through a junk-yard and assembling a fully functional space shuttle. Furthermore, this study is set to prove that the Quran has been built based on mathematical framework that divinely and supernaturally embedded in the Quran’s composition. A committee of experts from various Arab countries headed by Abduldaem Al-Kaheel of Syria has worked hard for almost seven years to develop a digitized copy of the Quran and build software to provide searching facilities in the Quran. They have set the standards for computing the Quran statistics (letters and words) that based completely on the first drawing of the Quran: these standards are extremely fundamental to set the proper rules and guidelines for counting letters and words (Al-kaheel, 2012). The whole Quran is textually the sum of all three divine components: (1) the Quran which consists of 114 chapters, 6236 (2) the 112 un-numbered Bismillahs (each Bismillah has 4 words and 19 letters) which consist of 448 words and 2128 letters and (3) the names of the 114 chapters which consist of 115 words (chapter Al-Iimran is a two-worded name) and 652 letters. The whole Quran consists of 87530 words and 325384 letters. For consistency, I should remind readers that chapters’ names have been written in the current study in a way that it conforms to the first drawing of the Quran. Finally, this study will calculate the total Abjad value of the 325384 letters for use in the forthcoming analysis. 4. Quran constantThis numerical value will be referred to in the current study as Quran Constant (QC). We write$$70.44911244=\frac{333667}{23506544}=\text{Quran Constant(QC)}$$ QC is a measure of Abjad value per each value of the cumulative sum of verse numbers.5. Quranic golden ratioThe golden ratio is mathematically simple and usually approximated to 1.618.We write$$1.618189301=\frac{70.44911244}{114}=\frac{QC}{114}$$ It is remarkably interesting that the ratio of the total number of chapters of the Quran (114) which represents the physical design of the Quran and the Quran Constant (70.44911244) which represents the mathematical design of the Quran is extremely in close agreement with the ideal golden ratio (1.6180339887) and the ideal/calculated ratio is within 99.99 percent. 6. Words total in the QuranWe define $\pi_A$ mathematically as follows$$\pi_A=\sum_{n=1}^{28}\frac{1}{AV(n)},$$where $AV(n)$ is the Abjad value of the nth alphabet$$\pi_A=\sum_{n=1}^{28}\frac{1}{AV(n)}=(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\cdots+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{20}+\cdots+\frac{1}{90}+\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{200}+\cdots+\frac{1}{900}+\frac{1}{1000}).$$$$\pi_A=\frac{263857}{84000}\approx3.1411546719.$$$$\pi_A = 3.141154761904761\approx 3.141154761904761904761904761$$$$QC\propto\frac{1}{\pi_A},$$$$QC=\pi_A^{q_{LW}},$$ where $q_{LW}$ is an exponential proportionality constant.$$q_{LW}=\frac{\log_e(QC)}{\log_e(\pi_A)}=\frac{\log_e(70.44911244)}{\log_e(3.1411547619)}=3.717391219.$$$$\frac{325384}{3.717399749}=87530.20085.$$ According to the first drawing of the Quran (the way the Quran was written and documented under the direct guidance and supervision of Prophet Muhammad), the actual total number of words in the Quran is 87530. This is a miraculous correspondence between the theoretical result obtained by the current study and the Quran (the actual/calculated ratio is within 99.9998 percent). 7. Verses total in the Quran$$q_V=\sum_{n=1}^{28}AV(n),$$where $AV(n)$ is the Abjad value of the nth alphabet. $$q_V=\sum_{n=1}^{28}AV(n)=({1}+{2}+{3}+\cdots+{9}+{10} +{20}+\cdots+{90}+{100}+{200}+\cdots+{900}+{1000})=5995.$$$$q_{VL}=r_1\times r_2,$$$$\log_e q_{VL}= \log_e (r_1)+ \log_e ( r_2).$$$$\frac{\log_e \pi_{A}}{\log_e q_{V}}\frac{\log_e (QC)}{\log_e \pi_{A}}=\frac{\log_e (QC)}{\log_e q_{V}}.$$$$\log_e q_{VL}=\log_e \left(\frac{ QC}{ q_{V}}\right)+\frac{\log_e (QC)}{\log_e q_{V}}.$$$$\log_e q_{VL}=\log_e \left(\frac{70.44944244}{ 5995}\right)+\frac{\log_e (70.44944244)}{\log_e (4995)}=-4.443790428+0.489142044.$$$$\log_e q_{VL}=3.954648384.$$$$q_{VL}=0.0191654096.$$$$325384\times 0.0191654096=6236.116466.$$ The actual total number of verses in the Quran= 6236. The amazing correspondence betweenthe calculated numerical value and the actual value (the actual/calculated ratio is within 99.998 percent)provides concrete evidence that theQuran is a definitive divine revelation. 8. Chapters total in the QuranThe definition of $q_C$ mathematically will be as follows$$q_C=\sum_{n=1}^{28}\left[\frac{1}{AV(n)}\times AV(n)\right].$$$$q_C=\sum_{n=1}^{28}\left[1\right]=[1+1+1\cdots +1+1+1]=28.$$$$q_{WC}=r_3\times r_4,$$$$\log_e q_{WC}= \log_e (r_3)+ \log_e ( r_4).$$$$\frac{\log_e \pi_{A}}{\log_e q_{C}}\frac{\log_e (QC)}{\log_e \pi_{A}}=\frac{\log_e (QC)}{\log_e q_{C}}.$$ $$\log_e q_{WC}=\log_e \left(\frac{ q_{V}}{ q_{C}}\right)+\frac{\log_e (QC)}{\log_e q_{C}}.$$ $$\log_e q_{WC}=\log_e \left(\frac{5995}{28}\right)+\frac{\log_e (70.44944244)}{\log_e (28)}=5.366476557+1.27689961=6.643376167.$$ $$q_{WC}=767.6824469.$$ $$q_{LC}=q_{LW}\times q_{WC}.$$$$q_{LC}=3.717391219\times 767.6824469=2853.7759871.$$ $$\frac{325384}{2853.7759871} =114.01876.$$ However, the Quran is physically organized in 114 chapters (Surahs). This study provides a theoretical value of the total number of chapters (=114.01876). This incredible agreement between the theoretical result of this theory and the actual value (the actual/calculated ratio is within 99.984 percent ) proves that Quran ismathematically designed and structured far beyond human capability and comprehension. 9. Contributions and concluding remarksOne of the most prominent features of this theory that it is totally based on text delivered to Prophet Muhammad and drawn using the primary 28 alphabets of the Arabic language which consists of 6236 verses and physically organized in 114 chapters (Uthmanic manuscript). One of the most seminal contributions of this theory is the determination of the Quran primary parameters. 10. ImplicationsIndeed, beyond any doubt, this study has brought about a new research direction and new research thinking in numerological studies of the Quran. As a result, a new door is now open for new research venues and new insights in the science and frontiers of Quran numerology.
Keywords
