LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC GROUPS OF QUALITATIVE ADJECTIVES CONVEYING A COMMON APPRAISAL OF HUMAN’S APPEARANCE IN TAJIK AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article is devoted to the research of qualitative adjectives describing human’s appearance as one of the most crucial stratum of vocabulary in Tajik and Russian in the comparative aspect. A complex (lexical-and-semantic and structural) analysis of the researched vocabulary is carried out in a view of its inter-linguistics and cross-linguistics realization, a maximally complete scope of Tajik qualitative adjectives describing a human’s appearance and their Russian equivalent was put out, and influence of a language view of the world and national mentality on semantics of Tajik adjectives describing a human’s appearance was established, basing on the material of thesauri and bilingual dictionaries and on original and translated art works of Russian and Tajik writers. The following methods are used in the research: 1) a component analysis stipulating for revelation of semantic structure of the language unit by decomposing of its lexical meaning into semes - smaller units of sense; 2) a distributive analysis anticipating the study of context of the investigated adjectives in the text and enabling to reveal all possible meanings of words and there nuances. In the process of research some methods of comparative and typological analysis were applied, which enabled to find out common and specific points in the compared languages, some components of qualitative analysis were also used to establish statistical characteristics of the studied objects.

Keywords

• qualitative adjectives
• Tajik language
• Russian language
• lexical and semantic group
• semantics
• human’s appearance