Molecules (May 2024)

Investigations of Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Activities of 5-Aminopyrazole Derivatives

  • Federica Rapetti,
  • Andrea Spallarossa,
  • Eleonora Russo,
  • Debora Caviglia,
  • Carla Villa,
  • Bruno Tasso,
  • Maria Grazia Signorello,
  • Camillo Rosano,
  • Erika Iervasi,
  • Marco Ponassi,
  • Chiara Brullo

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102298
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 29, no. 10
p. 2298

Abstract

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To further extend the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 5-aminopyrazoles (5APs) and identify novel compounds able to interfere with inflammation, oxidative stress, and tumorigenesis, 5APs 1–4 have been designed and prepared. Some chemical modifications have been inserted on cathecol function or in aminopyrazole central core; in detail: (i) smaller, bigger, and more lipophilic substituents were introduced in meta and para positions of catechol portion (5APs 1); (ii) a methyl group was inserted on C3 of the pyrazole scaffold (5APs 2); (iii) a more flexible alkyl chain was inserted on N1 position (5APs 3); (iv) the acylhydrazonic linker was moved from position 4 to position 3 of the pyrazole scaffold (5APs 4). All new derivatives 1–4 have been tested for radical scavenging (DPPH assay), anti-aggregating/antioxidant (in human platelets) and cell growth inhibitory activity (MTT assay) properties. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness properties, and toxicity have been calculated. 5APs 1 emerged to be promising anti-proliferative agents, able to suppress the growth of specific cancer cell lines. Furthermore, derivatives 3 remarkably inhibited ROS production in platelets and 5APs 4 showed interesting in vitro radical scavenging properties. Overall, the collected results further confirm the pharmaceutical potentials of this class of compounds and support future studies for the development of novel anti-proliferative and antioxidant agents.

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