ESMO Gastrointestinal Oncology (Dec 2024)
Gastric cancer hospital-based registry: real-world gastric cancer data from Latin America and Europe
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Epidemiological, clinical, and molecular features significantly impact patient outcomes. In regions lacking a national gastric cancer registry, hospital-based registries can provide crucial data that may aid in planning therapeutic strategies for the disease. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort design was carried out in European Union (EU) and Latin American (LATAM) countries participating in the LEGACy project. Survival estimates were determined using actuarial Kaplan–Meier curves. Comparison was carried out with the log-rank test, and differences were considered statistically significant for P values ≤0.05. Results: A total of 689 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer from November 2018 to November 2019 were included. Both cohorts had the body as the most common site reported (34.4% for EU and 51% for LATAM). The most used method for staging was computed tomography for both cohorts, although 6.9% of the LATAM population had positron emission tomography/computed tomography instead. Intestinal histological subtype was the most common (41.9% and 46.3% reported by EU and LATAM), while diffuse subtype was 44.9% for the LATAM and 21.3% for the EU population. Among patients tested for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), 12.5% were positive in the EU cohort and 13.8% in the LATAM cohort. For both cohorts, the most common site of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity was the gastroesophageal junction. Systemic treatment with curative intention was indicated in 50.7% in the EU cohort and 46.4% of the LATAM cohort. The most frequent scheme indicated for both the localized and the advanced setting was platinum-based (42.6% and 84.8% for EU and LATAM). Considering both cohorts, only 14.4% of the patients received second-line treatment, and 3% received a third-line treatment. After using Cox regression analysis, no difference in overall survival was reported, with a median of 10.9 months. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of hospital-based registry analysis, our study has provided valuable insights into clinical characteristics and treatment approaches of EU and LATAM populations.
