Extragonadal germ-cell tumors – a review of the pathogenesis, histopathological findings, diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Primary extragonadal germ-cell tumors (EGCTs) are a rare group of neoplasms, that can exist anywere along the midline of the body, without the evidence of a primary gonadal tumor. Their morphology varies widely and includes teratoma, seminoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mixed GCTs. The ethiopathogenesis of EGCT is poorly understood, existing multiple theories. Diagnosis is often difficult, but an accurate one should be made in order to apply a correct management.

Keywords

• extragonadal germ-cell tumors
• pathogenesis
• histhopathology
• diagnosis
• treatment