Trilateral Multi-Functional Polyamide 12 Nanocomposites with Binary Inclusions for Medical Grade Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Effect of Titanium Nitride in Mechanical Reinforcement and Copper/Cuprous Oxide as Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

In this work, for the first time, polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposites with binary inclusions in material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing were developed. The aim was to achieve an enhanced mechanical response with the addition of titanium nitride (TiN) and antibacterial performance with the addition of copper (Cu) or cuprous oxide (Cu2O), towards the development of multi-functional nanocomposite materials, exploiting the 3D printing process benefits. The prepared nanocomposites were fully characterized for their mechanical properties. The thermal properties were also investigated. Morphological characterization was performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial performance was investigated with an agar-well diffusion screening process. Overall, the introduction of these nanofillers induced antibacterial performance in the PA12 matrix materials, while at the same time, the mechanical performance was significantly increased. The results of the study show high potential for expanding the areas in which 3D printing can be used.

Keywords

• polyamide 12 (PA12)
• titanium nitride (TiN)
• copper (Cu)
• cuprous oxide (Cu₂O)
• nanocomposites
• material extrusion (MEX)