Structural, Chemical and Magnetic Characterization of Quartz Sand from Cluj Area, Romania for Future Beneficiation in the Glass Industry

Abstract

For use in crystal glass production, quartz sand must contain less than 0.09% iron. If the sand contains more than 0.09% Fe, the iron must be removed. In the present study, quartz sand from tailings ponds near the Cluj area of Romania is analyzed for potential use in the glass industry, after magnetic separation. The particle size distribution of raw sand was determined, and mineralogical analyses was realized. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), morphology and elemental distribution maps on the particle was performed. The evolution of the iron content versus the particle size was analyzed. Using X-ray diffraction, the phases occurring in the sand were investigated in relation to the particle size. Magnetic separation with two magnets, having different energy, was performed for identifying the phases attached to the magnetic particles. Magnetic hysteresis measurements evidenced complex and multiple iron phase behavior.

Keywords

• quartz sand
• iron impurity
• electron microscopy
• magnetism