Obtaining a primary suspension cell culture of Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan ex Willd

Abstract

Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. grows on the southern slopes of the Oymyakon plateau in Yakutia (Northeast of Russian Federation) in conditions of harsh continental climate with continuous permafrost. The aboveground phytomass of the plant contains various complexes of secondary metabolites including polyphenolic compounds. It is a potential source of secondary metabolites needed for practical use in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the study is to obtain a primary suspension cell culture of Dracocephalum palmatum, growing in the conditions of the Cold Pole — Oymyakon. The work includes optimization of the nutrient medium for introducing calluses into a suspension culture, analysis of the dynamics of biomass growth of the obtained suspension culture, and morphological characteristics of the cells of the suspension culture. The callus cell cultures of Dracocephalum palmatum, cultivated on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with the addition of 0.5 mg/L α- naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), were most successfully transitioned into suspension culture. The maximum biomass growth of cell suspension culture was observed when cultivated in liquid MS medium with the addition of 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L), 6- benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/L), and NAA (0.5 mg/L). The primary cell suspension culture of Dracocephalum palmatum, cultivated for 22 days, had an increase in wet weight of 9,2084 g, dry weight — 0,34135 g, and contained dedifferentiated aggregates of parenchyma-like cells and single round-shaped cells. Samples of the obtained cell suspension culture of Dracocephalum palmatum will be used for the analysis of secondary metabolites and for the development of optimal cultivation conditions in a bioreactor.