Frontiers in Neuroscience (May 2023)

Risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on the observational study: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Qiaochu Zhu,
  • Jing Zhou,
  • Jing Zhou,
  • Jing Zhou,
  • Jing Zhou,
  • Yijie Zhang,
  • Hai Huang,
  • Hai Huang,
  • Hai Huang,
  • Jie Han,
  • Jie Han,
  • Jie Han,
  • Biwei Cao,
  • Biwei Cao,
  • Biwei Cao,
  • Dandan Xu,
  • Dandan Xu,
  • Dandan Xu,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Gang Chen,
  • Gang Chen,
  • Gang Chen,
  • Gang Chen

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1196722
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17

Abstract

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ObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Though the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear, exploring the associations between risk factors and ALS can provide reliable evidence to find the pathogenesis. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize all related risk factors of ALS to understand this disease comprehensively.MethodsWe searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Moreover, observational studies, including cohort studies, and case-control studies, were included in this meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 36 eligible observational studies were included, and 10 of them were cohort studies and the rest were case-control studies. We found six factors exacerbated the progression of disease: head trauma (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.40), physical activity (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.09), electric shock (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.62, 4.56), military service (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.61), pesticides (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.26), and lead exposure (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.44, 3.71). Of note, type 2 diabetes mellitus was a protective factor for ALS. However, cerebrovascular disease (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.29), agriculture (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.74, 1.99), industry (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.91), service (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.19, 1.17), smoking (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.5, 3.09), chemicals (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 0.89, 6.77), and heavy metal (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.47, 4.84) were not risk factors for ALS based on meta-analyses.ConclusionsHead trauma, physical activity, electric shock, military service, pesticides, and lead were risk factors for ALS onset and progression. But DM was a protective factor. This finding provides a better understanding of ALS risk factors with strong evidence for clinicians to rationalize clinical intervention strategies.INPLSY registration numberhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-9-0118/, INPLASY202290118.

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