A cross-sectional study of pain status and psychological distress among individuals living with chronic pain: the Chronic Pain & COVID-19 Pan-Canadian Study

Abstract

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, including individuals with chronic pain. We examined associations between geographical variations in COVID-19 infection rates, stress and pain severity, and investigated factors associated with changes in pain status and psychological distress among individuals living with chronic pain during the pandemic. MethodsThis investigation is part of a larger initiative, the Chronic Pain & COVID-19 Pan-Canadian Study, which adopted a cross-sectional observational design. A total of 3159 individuals living with chronic pain completed a quantitative survey between 16 April and 31 May 2020. ResultsTwo-thirds (68.1%) of participants were between 40 and 69 years old, and 83.5% were women. Two-thirds (68.9%) of individuals reported worsened pain since pandemic onset. Higher levels of perceived pandemic-related risks (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.56) and stress (1.21; 1.05–1.41), changes in pharmacological (3.17; 2.49–4.05) and physical/psychological (2.04; 1.62–2.58) pain treatments and being employed at the beginning of the pandemic (1.42; 1.09–1.86) were associated with increased likelihood of reporting worsened pain. Job loss (34.9% of individuals were employed pre-pandemic) was associated with lower likelihood (0.67; 0.48–0.94) of reporting worsened pain. Almost half (43.2%) of individuals reported moderate/severe levels of psychological distress. Negative emotions toward the pandemic (2.14; 1.78–2.57) and overall stress (1.43; 1.36–1.50) were associated with moderate/severe psychological distress. ConclusionStudy results identified psychosocial factors to consider in addition to biomedical factors in monitoring patients’ status and facilitating treatment access for chronic pain patients during a pandemic.