Gaceta Sanitaria (Feb 2013)
El estado de salud de las personas mayores que sufren insomnio The health status of older people with insomnia
Abstract
Objetivos: Evaluar el estado de salud percibido por los mayores que sufren insomnio, tanto primario como secundario a una enfermedad médica o asociado a otro trastorno mental. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en una muestra representativa de 926 mayores de 65 años. Mediante una entrevista psiquiátrica se verificó la presencia de insomnio (DSM-IV-TR, Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, 4.ª ed., texto revisado), y con una entrevista realizada por personal sanitario se evaluó el estado de salud percibido (EuroQol-5D), los problemas de salud y la situación sociodemográfica. Resultados: La prevalencia de insomnio primario fue del 8,9% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 7,1-11,0), la de insomnio relacionado con otro trastorno mental del 9,3% (IC95%: 7,5-11,4) y la de insomnio debido a una enfermedad médica del 7,0% (IC95%: 5,4-8,9). En los pacientes con insomnio que consumían hipnóticos/sedantes se observó una puntuación menor en la autovaloración del estado de salud (57,6; IC95%: 53,7-61,4) significativamente inferior (pObjectives: To evaluate the perceived health status of elderly patients with insomnia, whether primary, secondary to a medical illness, or associated with another mental disorder. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 926 persons aged over 65 years. A psychiatric interview was used to verify the presence of insomnia (DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth ed., revised text). Interviews were conducted by health professionals to assess perceived health status (EuroQol-5D), health problems, and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: The prevalence of primary insomnia was 8.9% (95% CI: 7.1-11.0), that of insomnia associated with another mental disorder was 9.3% (95% CI: 7.5-11.4) and that of insomnia secondary to medical illness was 7.0% (95% CI: 5.4-8.9). Patients with insomnia who used hypnotics/sedatives scored lower in self-reported health (57.6; 95% CI: 53.7-61.4), significantly lower (p<0.05) than participants with insomnia not taking these drugs (65.1; 95% CI: 53.7-61.4). The mean health status score in individuals without insomnia was 0.87 and was significantly lower (p<0.05) in persons with any type of insomnia: 0.80 in primary insomnia, 0.73 in insomnia secondary to a mental disorder and 0.76 in insomnia associated with medical illness. Conclusions: Health status was worse in older people with insomnia, whether primary, secondary to other mental illnesses or organic, and when the elderly patients consumed hypnotics/sedatives. Limitations were less severe in primary insomnia.
