International Journal of Nanomedicine (Sep 2020)
A Magnesium-Incorporated Nanoporous Titanium Coating for Rapid Osseointegration
Abstract
Xiaodong Li,1– 3,* Mingyi Wang,3,* Wenjie Zhang,4 Yuting Bai,2 Yuan Liu,3 Jian Meng,1,2 Ling Zhang3 1School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian MengDepartment of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18952170986Email [email protected] ZhangDepartment of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18019791107Email [email protected]: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a fast and effective method to prepare nanoporous coatings with high biological activity and bonding strength. Simple micro/nano-coatings cannot fully meet the requirements of osteogenesis. To further improve the biological activity of a titanium surface, we successfully added biological magnesium (Mg2+) to a coating by micro-arc oxidation and evaluated the optimal magnesium concentration in the electrolyte, biocompatibility, cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis in vitro.Methods: Nanoporous titanium coatings with different concentrations of magnesium were prepared by micro-arc oxidation and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Mg2+ release ability of the magnesium-incorporated nanoporous titanium coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The cytotoxicity of the magnesium-incorporated nanoporous titanium coatings was detected with live/dead double-staining tests. A CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation, and FITC-phalloidin was used to determine the structure of the cytoskeleton by staining β-actin. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated by alizarin red S (ARS) staining to determine the effect of the coatings on osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-related markers was measured using qRT-PCR.Results: EDS analyses revealed the successful addition of magnesium to the microporous coatings. The best magnesium concentration of the electrolyte for preparing the new coating was determined. The results showed that the nano-coatings prepared using the electrolyte with 2 g/L magnesium acetate best promoted the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Conclusion: These results suggest that the new titanium metal coating with a dual effect of promoting bone morphology and supplying the biological ion Mg2+ can be beneficial for rapid osseointegration.Keywords: micro/arc oxidation, magnesium-incorporated nanoporous coating, osteoinductivity
