Functional Recovery of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Cardiopulmonary Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit

Abstract

Introduction: With changes in treatments, precautions, and the virus itself, the continued evaluation of post-COVID-19 patient rehabilitation needs is essential. Methods: Demographics, comorbidities, functional assessments, quality of life, and rehabilitation outcomes for 98 patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation during New York’s most recent major COVID-19 hospitalization surge were analyzed. Patients were contacted at 6 months to evaluate functional improvement, post-COVID-19 symptoms, vaccination status, and quality of life. Results: Inpatient rehabilitation addressed significant limitations in lung capacity, mobility, and self-care. Median mobility scores improved significantly from admission (16) to discharge (34) and follow-up (42). Sixty-six percent of patients reported overall quality of life improvement during their rehabilitation stay; at follow-up, a more modest percentage (35%) reported additional gains. Continued improvement in supplemental oxygen use was observed in 49% of patients who completed the follow-up assessment. Consistent with previous studies on severe disease, post-COVID-19 condition features were exhibited by 86% of patients at follow-up; vaccinated individuals displayed fewer symptoms associated with post-COVID-19 condition than their unvaccinated counterparts. Conclusions: Individuals recovering from severe COVID-19, including previously ventilated patients, made significant functional and quality of life gains during inpatient rehabilitation. While functional independence continued to improve post-discharge, patients exhibited greater improvement from admission to discharge than from discharge to 6-month follow-up. Inpatient rehabilitation represents a crucial component for recovery from severe COVID-19.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• inpatient rehabilitation
• post-COVID-19 condition
• cardiopulmonary rehabilitation outcomes