International Journal of Nanomedicine (Jan 2024)
Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Targeting ICG and DOX Loaded Hollow Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy
Abstract
Yushen Jin,1 Zhongquan Cheng,2 Zhu Yuan,2 Yang Du,3 Jie Tian,3 Bing Shao1,4 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China; 3CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China; 4College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bing Shao; Jie Tian, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Liver cancer is considered as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for approximately 90% of liver cancers. Improving the treatment of HCC is a serious challenge today. The primary objective of this study was to construct SP94-Fe3O4@ICG&DOX nanoparticles and investigate their potential diagnosis and treatment effect benefits on HCC.Methods: Firstly, we synthesized and characterized SP94-Fe3O4@ICG&DOX nanoparticles and confirmed their in vitro release behavior, photothermal and photodynamic performance. Moreover, the in vivo imaging capability was also observed. Finally, the inhibitory effects on Hepa1-6 in vitro and in vivo were observed as well as biosafety.Results: SP94-Fe3O4@ICG&DOX nanoparticles have a size of ~22.1 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 45.2% for ICG and 42.7% for DOX, showing excellent in vivo MPI and fluorescence imaging capabilities for precise tumor localization, and synergistic photo-chemotherapy (pH- and thermal-sensitive drug release) against tumors under irradiation. With the assistance of a fluorescence molecular imaging system or MPI scanner, the location and contours of the tumor were clearly visible. Under a constant laser irradiation (808 nm, 0.6 W/cm2) and a set concentration (50 μg/mL), the temperature of the solution could rapidly increase to ~45 °C, which could effectively kill the tumor cells. It could be effectively uptaken by HCC cells and significantly inhibit their proliferation under the laser irradiation (100% inhibition rate for HCC tumors). And most importantly, our nanoparticles exhibited favorable biocompatibility with normal tissues and cells.Conclusion: This versatile agent can serve as an intelligent and promising nanoplatform that integrates multiple accurate diagnoses, precise positioning of cancer tissue, and effective coordination with synergistic tumor photodynamic therapy. Keywords: porous hollow structure, magnetic particle imaging, fluorescence imaging, synergistic treatment, theranostics
