Diagnosis and Management of Immunotherapy-related Liver Toxicity

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. With the increasing use of immunotherapy, clinicians have observed that immunotherapy is often related to a spectrum of adverse events. Liver toxicity is one of the most common and severe immune-related adverse events. It is very important to increase awareness and outline a clear and detailed strategy of managing immune-related liver toxicity. Some guidelines have published systematic advice on the management of immune-related liver toxicity. However, there are controversial problems remaining, including the levels of liver toxicity, the minimal effective dosage of hormone, treatments for hormone-refractory patients, and immunotherapy re-challenge. Additional, finding predictors with high specificity and sensitivity is a pressing concern.

Keywords

• immunotherapy-related liver toxicity
• immune checkpoint inhibitors
• immune-related adverse events
• programmed death-1
• cytotoxic t lymphocyte associated antigen-4