Effect of supplying four copepod densities (Acartia sp. and Calanus pacificus) onthe productive response of Litopenaeus vannamei pregrown intensively at microcosm level

Abstract

A seven-week experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of supplying copepods (Acartia sp. and Calanus pacificus), as exogenous feed during the intensive pre-growout phase of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), on the productive parameters and water quality. Five treatments were tested in which shrimp were fed formulated feed and the addition of 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, or 8 copepods mL–1. Treatments with 1 and 4 copepods mL–1 had higher ammonia nitrogen levels than the rest of the treatments (>4 mg L–1). Nitrite levels were significantly higher in the treatment with 8 copepods mL–1, whereas nitrate levels were higher in all treatments relative to the control. Phosphate concentration was higher in the treatments with 4 and 8 copepods mL–1. Shrimp from the treatments with 2, 4, and 8 copepods mL–1 showed a higher survival (>93%), weight (>3.1 g), and final biomass (>77 g). The treatment with 2 copepods mL–1 had the best feed conversion ratio (1.19) compared with the rest (>1.7). The results suggest that the additional supply of copepods as exogenous feed during the intensive pre-growout phase of shrimp culture can have a negative effect on the water quality, although survival was not affected; however, the effect on the production parameters was positive, indicating that the use of copepods as exogenous live feed is feasible in the culture of white shrimp.

Keywords

• natural feed
• water quality
• growth
• intensive production
• zooplankton