Estudo prospectivo observacional sobre a incidência de injúria renal aguda em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário Observational prospective study on the incidence of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit of a university-affiliated hospital

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Analisar comparativamente características clínicas e evolução de pacientes com e sem IRA adquirida em UTI geral de um hospital universitário terciário. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo observacional com 263 pacientes acompanhados diariamente durante a internação em UTI Geral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu no período de julho de 2007 a abril de 2008. RESULTADOS: A incidência de IRA foi de 31,2%. Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto ao sexo e diferiram quanto à etiologia da admissão em UTI (sepse: 31,7% x 13,1%, p OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without acute renal failure (ARF) admitted to the general intensive care unit (ICU) of a university-affiliated hospital. METHOD: Prospective observational study comprising 263 patients followed up daily during their stay at the general ICU of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of Botucatu, from July 2007 to April 2008. RESULTS: The incidence of ARF was 31.2%. The groups were similar regarding gender and differed regarding the following: cause of ICU admission (sepsis: 31.7% x 13.1%, p < 0.0001, post-operative period: 11% x 43%; p < 0.0001); age (59.6 ± 18.1 x 50.2 ± 18.6 years; p < 0.0001); APACHE II: (21 ± 11.1 x 11 ± 4.8; p = 0.002); oliguria (67.7% x 4.5%; p < 0.0001); presence of mechanical ventilation (81.7% x 57.7%; p = 0.0014); use of vasoactive drugs (62.2% x 32.6%; p < 0.0001); and site of origin inside hospital (emergency room: 22% x 14.5%; p = 0.02; operating room: 42.7% x 62.6%; p = 0.03). As for comorbidities, hypertension and chronic renal disease were more frequent among patients with ARF than among those without ARF (42.6% x 35.9%; p = 0.005 and 15.8% x 2.1%; p = 0.04, respectively), but the groups did not differ regarding diabetes and congestive heart failure (19.5% x 11%, and 6% x 1.1%, respectively). Mortality was higher in ARF patients (62.1% x 16.5%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of ARF is high in the ICU and among patients with worse clinical parameters and prognosis, justifying the greater mortality observed in such patients.

Keywords

• injúria renal aguda
• incidência
• unidade de terapia intensiva
• mortalidade
• diálise
• acute renal failure
• incidence
• intensive care unit
• mortality
• dialysis