Sex Disparities in Resuscitation Quality Following Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract

Background Women are known to be disadvantaged compared with men in the early links of the Chain of Survival, receiving fewer bystander interventions. We aimed to describe sex‐based disparities in emergency medical service resuscitation quality and processes of care for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who were nontraumatic with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest aged ≥16 years where resuscitation was attempted between March 2019 and June 2023. We investigated 18 routinely captured performance metrics and performed adjusted logistic and quantile regression analyses to assess sex‐based differences in these metrics. During the study period, 10 161 patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest met the eligibility criteria, of whom 3216 (32%) were women. There were no clinically relevant sex‐based differences observed in regard to external cardiac compressions; however, women were 34% less likely to achieve a systolic blood pressure >100 mm Hg on arrival at the hospital (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47–0.92]). Furthermore, women had a longer time to 12‐lead ECG acquisition after return of spontaneous circulation (median adjusted difference, 1.00 minute [95% CI, 0.38–1.62]) and 33% reduced odds of being transported to a 24‐hour percutaneous coronary intervention‐capable facility (AOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49–0.91]). Resuscitation was also terminated sooner for women compared with men (median adjusted difference, −4.82 minutes [95% CI, −6.77 to −2.87]). Conclusions Although external cardiac compression quality did not vary by sex, significant sex‐based disparities were seen in emergency medical services processes of care following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Further investigation is required to elucidate the underlying causes of these differences and examine their influence on patient outcomes.

Keywords

• emergency medical services
• sex disparities
• out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
• resuscitation