Improving Voltage Profile and Optimal Scheduling of Vehicle to Grid Energy based on a New Method

Abstract

The electric vehicles (EVs), depending on the charging or discharging modes, can act as flexible loads or as flexible energy sources. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for achieving the following objectives: improvement the voltage profile of the point of common coupling (PCC), control the charging and discharging of EVs in an appropriate scheduling so that at the end of the charging and discharging process all EVs are fully charged, improvement the profiles of active and reactive loads based on the peak shaving and the valley filling, charging rate control and energy management for the economic justification of vehicle to grid (V2G) technology based on the proposed method. Considering that the penetration of EVs and state of charge (SOC) of battery at any time is random, this paper extracts and analyzes the data that is available through national household travel surveys (NHTS). In order to determine the desired parameters, two stochastic algorithms are integrated with Monte Carlo simulations. To prove the performance superiority of the proposed method over conventional methods under high EVs-penetration, an IEEE 14-bus system is used for real-time simulation.

Keywords

• discharges (electric)
• electric vehicles
• energy management
• optimal scheduling
• power grids