Middle East Journal of Cancer (Oct 2020)

Acute Renal Failure: A Rare Initial Presentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  • Mohammadreza Bordbar,
  • Nader Shakibazad,
  • Hadi Mottaghipisheh,
  • Mahdi Shahriari,
  • Soheila Zareifar,
  • Omid Reza Zekavat

DOI
https://doi.org/10.30476/mejc.2020.78666.0
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 4
pp. 512 – 515

Abstract

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia has several presentations associated with bone marrow and extramedullary involvement. The unusual presentation may be due to the infiltration of leukemic cells in any organ. An 11-year-old girl presented with fever and vomiting, since one day before admission after starfish biting during swimming. Her vital signs were: blood pressure 150/100 mmHg, pulse 98 beats per minute, respiration 18 breathes per minute, and temperature 37.2 °C (99 F). Laboratory work-up showed blood urea nitrogen 38 mg/dl and creatinine 2.8 mg/dl. In peripheral blood smear, few atypical cells, mild anemia (Hb: 9.2 g/dl), and mild thrombocytopenia (Platelet: 109,000/μL) were detected. Bone marrow aspiration and immunophenotyping were in favor of acute precursor B cell type lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient had a favorable response to treatment after initiating high-risk chemotherapy. Therefore, acute renal failure can be a rare initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and azotemia will improve with an early chemotherapy treatment.

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