Epidemiology, baseline characteristics and risk of progression in the first South-Asian prospective longitudinal observational IgA nephropathy cohort

Abstract

Introduction: Glomerular Research And Clinical Experiments–IgA Nephropathy in Indians (GRACE-IgANI) is the first prospective South Asian IgAN cohort with protocolized follow-up and extensive biosample collection. Here we report the baseline clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic characteristics of GRACE IgANI and calculate baseline risk of progression for the cohort. Methods: 201 incident adults with kidney biopsy–proven primary IgAN were recruited into GRACE-IgANI between March 2015 and September 2017. As of April 30, 2020, the cohort had completed a median follow-up of 30 months (interquartile range [IQR] 16-39). Results: The commonest clinical presentation in GRACE IgANI was hypertension, with or without proteinuria, and nephrotic-range proteinuria was present in 34%, despite <10 months of lead time to kidney biopsy. The GRACE-IgANI kidney biopsy data demonstrated a disproportionate absence of active glomerular lesions and overrepresentation of segmental sclerosing lesions and tubulointerstitial fibrosis at presentation, often coexistent with relatively well-preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and low levels of proteinuria, especially in males. Baseline risk of progression was calculated for each evaluable patient using 2 different risk prediction tools. The median 5-year absolute risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was 19.8% (IQR 2.7–57.4) and median 5-year risk of progression to the combined endpoint of 50% decline in eGFR or ESKD was 35.5% using the 2 tools. Conclusions: The predicted risk of progression in this cohort was considerable. Over the next 5 years, we will dissect the pathogenic pathways that underlie this severe South Asian IgAN phenotype.

Keywords

• chronic kidney disease
• glomerulonephritis
• IgA nephropathy
• immune-mediated kidney disease
• renal risk score
• South Asia