Успехи физики металлов (Sep 2023)
Methods of Improving the Structure and Properties of High-Speed Steels
Abstract
We review the works on the technologies of high-speed steels (HSSs) production. Different methods for improving the structure homogeneity of HSSs are considered. State-of-the-art techniques for controlling the structure of steels, the advantages and disadvantages of technologies are formulated. Modification methods for improving the structure of HSSs using various alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare-earth metals, and misch metals are studied. An increase in cooling rate and the implementation of a spheroidizing treatment process to refine carbide dimensions in HSSs are considered. The sub-zero treatment for improving the fatigue characteristics, impact strength, hardness and wear resistance of HSSs are studied. Powder metallurgy is able to promote the refined and more uniform microstructures. This is their main advantage leading to improved properties and higher isotropy of HSSs. The regularities of phase and structural transformations by diffusion composition changing in the pressed powder mixture of alloys (in which the concentration of the alloying elements is similar to standard HSSs, but with different carbon content) are considered. As shown, using metal injection moulding and coating technologies are efficient ways to improve the hardness and wear resistance of HSSs. The possibility of applying chemical-heat treatment to improve the structure of HSSs is shown. Diffusion changes in composition due to chemical-heat treatment allow obtaining in situ composite with a high level of physical and mechanical properties. The influence of additional doping on the structure and properties of composite materials of the eutectic type of binary systems, as well as the features of the structure formation of ternary colonies in the composite are considered.
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