Bose–Einstein-like condensation due to diffusivity edge under periodic confinement

Abstract

A generic class of scalar active matter, characterized at the mean field level by the diffusivity vanishing above some threshold density, was recently introduced [Golestanian R 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 010601(R)]. In the presence of harmonic confinement, such ‘diffusivity edge’ was shown to lead to condensation in the ground state, with the associated transition exhibiting formal similarities with Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC). In this work, the effect of a diffusivity edge is addressed in a periodic potential in arbitrary dimensions, where the system exhibits coexistence between many condensates. Using a generalized thermodynamic description of the system, it is found that the overall phenomenology of BEC holds even for finite energy barriers separating each neighbouring pair of condensates. Shallow potentials are shown to quantitatively affect the transition, and introduce non-universality in the values of the scaling exponents.

Keywords

• active matter
• Bose Einstein condensation
• self-organization
• out of equilibrium statistical physics
• soft matter