Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide Nanoflakes and Their Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties
Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee,
Gopinath Kasi,
Sivasamy Kadhiravan,
Ayyakannu Arumugam,
Khalid A. Al-Ghanim,
Mian Nadeem Riaz,
Marimuthu Govindarajan
Affiliations
Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee
Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Gopinath Kasi
Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Sivasamy Kadhiravan
Department of Chemistry, Swami Dayananda College of Arts and Science, Manjakkudi, Tiruvarur 612 610, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
Ayyakannu Arumugam
Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Khalid A. Al-Ghanim
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Mian Nadeem Riaz
2476 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Marimuthu Govindarajan
Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
This current work revealed a single-step fabrication of tungsten oxide nanoflakes (WO3 NFs) with the help of Terminalia arjuna bark extract. Bioactive phytoconstituents of T. arjuna bark extract were involved in the nucleation process and promoted the material crystalline growth in a particular direction. The as-prepared sample thermal decomposition was analyzed by TG/DTG. The as-prepared sample was annealed at 300 °C for 2 h, and the annealed sample was characterized by UV-Vis-DRS, FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Synthesized WO3 samples showed a monoclinic phase of the flake-like structure with lengths of 25~230 nm and diameters of 25~120 nm. The WO3 NFs were evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli. Over 3 mg concentrations of WO3 NFs outperform the positive control in antibacterial activity. The pseudo-first-order kinetics of the WO3 NFs enhanced the photocatalytic performance of methylene blue (MB). These results prove that WO3 NFs have sustainable performance in antibacterial and MB degradation applications.
