Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Ruminant Animals: A Review
Amin Omar Hendawy,
Satoshi Sugimura,
Kan Sato,
Mohamed Mohsen Mansour,
Ayman H. Abd El-Aziz,
Haney Samir,
Md. Aminul Islam,
A. B. M. Rubayet Bostami,
Ahmed S. Mandour,
Ahmed Elfadadny,
Rokaia F. Ragab,
Hend A. Abdelmageed,
Amira Mohammed Ali
Affiliations
Amin Omar Hendawy
Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Satoshi Sugimura
Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Kan Sato
Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
Mohamed Mohsen Mansour
Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
Ayman H. Abd El-Aziz
Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
Haney Samir
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
Md. Aminul Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
A. B. M. Rubayet Bostami
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
Ahmed S. Mandour
Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ring road, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
Ahmed Elfadadny
Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
Rokaia F. Ragab
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
Hend A. Abdelmageed
Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ismailia Lab, First District, Ismailia 41511, Egypt
Amira Mohammed Ali
Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Smouha, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
Enzymes excreted by rumen microbiome facilitate the conversion of ingested plant materials into major nutrients (e.g., volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial proteins) required for animal growth. Diet, animal age, and health affect the structure of the rumen microbial community. Pathogenic organisms in the rumen negatively affect fermentation processes in favor of energy loss and animal deprivation of nutrients in ingested feed. Drawing from the ban on antibiotic use during the last decade, the livestock industry has been focused on increasing rumen microbial nutrient supply to ruminants through the use of natural supplements that are capable of promoting the activity of beneficial rumen microflora. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral commonly used as a supplement to regulate animal metabolism. However, a clear understanding of its effects on rumen microbial composition and rumen fermentation is not available. This review summarized the available literature for the effects of Se on specific rumen microorganisms along with consequences for rumen fermentation and digestibility. Some positive effects on total VFA, the molar proportion of propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ruminal NH3-N, pH, enzymatic activity, ruminal microbiome composition, and digestibility were recorded. Because Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) were more effective than other forms of Se, more studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of synthetic SeNPs and lactic acid bacteria enriched with sodium selenite as a biological source of SeNPs and probiotics. Future studies also need to evaluate the effect of dietary Se on methane emissions.