Foxtail millet bran-derived phenolic acids ameliorate insulin resistance by non-competitively inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and blocking miR-1-3p /PTP1B signaling axis in diabetic mice

Abstract

As the prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise, traditional treatment has not been effectively controlled. Therefore, it is urgent to explore safe and effective hypoglycemic substances. In our previous studies, phenolic acids extracted from foxtail millet bran (BPIS) could inhibit cancer cells proliferation by inhibiting glucose uptake, suggesting that BPIS may play a role in regulating glucose metabolism. However, the role of BPIS in improving diabetes remains unclear. The results of this study revealed that the antidiabetic activity of BPIS was characterized by non-competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, blocking the gluconeogenic rate-limiting enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) and the expression of the negative regulator of insulin signaling, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B). In addition, this study further revealed that BPIS can improve insulin resistance by upregulating miR-1-3p and inhibiting expression of its target gene PTP1B, which proves that BPIS is an important functional component of the anti-diabetic potential of bran.

Keywords

• Foxtail millet bran
• Phenolic acids
• miRNA
• PTP1B
• Insulin resistance