Characterization by chemometry of the most important domestic and foreign olive cultivars from the National Olive Collection Orchard of Turkey

Abstract

In this study, twelve samples from domestic olive cultivars (Memecik, Uslu, Domat, Ayvalik, Çelebi, Memeli, Erkence, Gemlik, Çakir, Izmir Sofralik, Çekişte and Çilli) and nine samples from foreign olive cultivars (Picholine, Arbequnia, Hojiblanca, Manzanilla, Frontoio, Leccio, Saurani, Baroui and Meski) were investigated. All olive samples were collected from the National Olive Collection Orchard at Kemalpaşa – Izmir, Turkey. Basic qualitative parameters (free fatty acidity, peroxide value and spectrophotometric indexes), color scale and fatty acid profiles were determined in virgin olive oils obtained from domestic and foreign olive cultivars growing in the same pedoclimatic conditions. Large variations were observed among the cultivars, despitethe fact that the cultivars are planted in the same pedoclimatic conditions. Oils extracted from 21 samples obtained from domestic and foreign olive cultivars in the National Olive Genetic Bank of Turkey were classified with the multivariete stastistical method (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) based on their fatty acid profiles. According to the HCA results (Euclidian method), the oils obtained from the domestic and foreign cultivars were separated into two and three groups, respectively.

Keywords

• characterization
• chemometry
• fatty acid
• national collection
• oil
• olive cultivars
• turkey