npj Vaccines (Nov 2021)

Mucosal vaccination induces protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies

  • Chaojie Zhong,
  • Hongjie Xia,
  • Awadalkareem Adam,
  • Binbin Wang,
  • Renee L. Hajnik,
  • Yuejin Liang,
  • Grace H. Rafael,
  • Jing Zou,
  • Xiaofang Wang,
  • Jiaren Sun,
  • Lynn Soong,
  • Alan D. T. Barrett,
  • Scott C. Weaver,
  • Pei-Yong Shi,
  • Tian Wang,
  • Haitao Hu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00405-5
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 6, no. 1
pp. 1 – 7

Abstract

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Abstract A candidate multigenic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on an MVA vector expressing both viral N and S proteins (MVA-S + N) was immunogenic, and induced T-cell responses and binding antibodies to both antigens but in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies. Intranasal immunization with the vaccine diminished viral loads and lung inflammation in mice after SARS-CoV-2 challenge, which correlated with the T-cell response induced by the vaccine in the lung, indicating that T-cell immunity is also likely critical for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in addition to neutralizing antibodies.