Phytochemical profiling and mechanistic evaluation of black garlic extract on multiple sclerosis rat model

Yasmin A. Elkhawas; Mae Seleem; Marwa I. Shabayek; Taghreed A. Majrashi; Tarfah Al-Warhi; Wagdy M. Eldehna; Nada M. Mostafa

Journal of Functional Foods (Dec 2023)

Phytochemical profiling and mechanistic evaluation of black garlic extract on multiple sclerosis rat model

Yasmin A. Elkhawas,
Mae Seleem,
Marwa I. Shabayek,
Taghreed A. Majrashi,
Tarfah Al-Warhi,
Wagdy M. Eldehna,
Nada M. Mostafa

Affiliations

Yasmin A. Elkhawas: Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
Mae Seleem: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
Marwa I. Shabayek: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
Taghreed A. Majrashi: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
Tarfah Al-Warhi: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Wagdy M. Eldehna: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt (N.M.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt (W.M.E.).
Nada M. Mostafa: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt (N.M.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt (W.M.E.).

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 111
p. 105900

Abstract

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Black garlic aqueous-ethanol extract (BGE) was evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in multiple sclerosis induced-rat model. It was also analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), where fifteen compounds were identified, as aminobutyric acid and S-allyl-cysteine. The extract was standardized to citric acid content (4.77 mg/g extract), and its hexane fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing mainly methyl 9E,12E-octadecadienoate, and ethyl palmitate. BGE administration in MS-induced groups showed significant amelioration in biochemical parameters through ELISA assessment of brain IL-10, TNF, α-2 macroglobulin, ERK1, ERK2, MAP2, MBP, and Nrf2 markers; decreased pro-inflammatory markers and elevated antioxidant parameters. Histopathological assessment of BGE-receiving rats’ brains showed less demyelination, and enhanced cognition. A molecular docking study showed that γ-glutamyl-S-methyl-cysteine sulfoxide, S-allyl cysteine, aminobutyric acid, and palmitic acid ethyl ester have good affinities to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). BG can be further investigated for beneficial potential in MS disease.

Published in Journal of Functional Foods

ISSN: 1756-4646 (Print); 2214-9414 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Technology: Home economics: Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-functional-foods

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