An ultra-compact x-ray free-electron laser

J B Rosenzweig; N Majernik; R R Robles; G Andonian; O Camacho; A Fukasawa; A Kogar; G Lawler; Jianwei Miao; P Musumeci; B Naranjo; Y Sakai; R Candler; B Pound; C Pellegrini; C Emma; A Halavanau; J Hastings; Z Li; M Nasr; S Tantawi; P. Anisimov; B Carlsten; F Krawczyk; E Simakov; L Faillace; M Ferrario; B Spataro; S Karkare; J Maxson; Y Ma; J Wurtele; A Murokh; A Zholents; A Cianchi; D Cocco; S B van der Geer

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/abb16c

New Journal of Physics (Jan 2020)

An ultra-compact x-ray free-electron laser

J B Rosenzweig,
N Majernik,
R R Robles,
G Andonian,
O Camacho,
A Fukasawa,
A Kogar,
G Lawler,
Jianwei Miao,
P Musumeci,
B Naranjo,
Y Sakai,
R Candler,
B Pound,
C Pellegrini,
C Emma,
A Halavanau,
J Hastings,
Z Li,
M Nasr,
S Tantawi,
P. Anisimov,
B Carlsten,
F Krawczyk,
E Simakov,
L Faillace,
M Ferrario,
B Spataro,
S Karkare,
J Maxson,
Y Ma,
J Wurtele,
A Murokh,
A Zholents,
A Cianchi,
D Cocco,
S B van der Geer

Affiliations

J B Rosenzweig: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
N Majernik: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
R R Robles: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
G Andonian: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
O Camacho: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
A Fukasawa: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
A Kogar: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
G Lawler: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
Jianwei Miao: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
P Musumeci: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
B Naranjo: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
Y Sakai: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
R Candler: ORCiD; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
B Pound: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
C Pellegrini: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
C Emma: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
A Halavanau: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
J Hastings: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
Z Li: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
M Nasr: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
S Tantawi: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
P. Anisimov: Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
B Carlsten: Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
F Krawczyk: Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
E Simakov: Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
L Faillace: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati , INFN, Via E Fermi, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy
M Ferrario: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati , INFN, Via E Fermi, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy
B Spataro: Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati , INFN, Via E Fermi, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy
S Karkare: Department of Physics, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
J Maxson: Department of Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, United States of America
Y Ma: School of Engineering, University of California , Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd. Merced, CA 95343, United States of America
J Wurtele: Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
A Murokh: RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, CA 90404, United States of America
A Zholents: Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
A Cianchi: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’ , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma RM, Italy
D Cocco: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States of America
S B van der Geer: Pulsar Physics, Burghstraat 47, 5614 BC Eindhoven, The Netherlands

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abb16c
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 22, no. 9
p. 093067

Abstract

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In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are: advanced, high gradient acceleration techniques, and x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Further, there is intense interest in the marriage of these two fields, with the goal of producing a very compact XFEL. In this context, recent advances in high gradient radio-frequency cryogenic copper structure research have opened the door to the use of surface electric fields between 250 and 500 MV m ^−1 . Such an approach is foreseen to enable a new generation of photoinjectors with six-dimensional beam brightness beyond the current state-of-the-art by well over an order of magnitude. This advance is an essential ingredient enabling an ultra-compact XFEL (UC-XFEL). In addition, one may accelerate these bright beams to GeV scale in less than 10 m. Such an injector, when combined with inverse free electron laser-based bunching techniques can produce multi-kA beams with unprecedented beam quality, quantified by 50 nm-rad normalized emittances. The emittance, we note, is the effective area in transverse phase space ( x , p _x / m _e c ) or ( y , p _y / m _e c ) occupied by the beam distribution, and it is relevant to achievable beam sizes as well as setting a limit on FEL wavelength. These beams, when injected into innovative, short-period (1–10 mm) undulators uniquely enable UC-XFELs having footprints consistent with university-scale laboratories. We describe the architecture and predicted performance of this novel light source, which promises photon production per pulse of a few percent of existing XFEL sources. We review implementation issues including collective beam effects, compact x-ray optics systems, and other relevant technical challenges. To illustrate the potential of such a light source to fundamentally change the current paradigm of XFELs with their limited access, we examine possible applications in biology, chemistry, materials, atomic physics, industry, and medicine—including the imaging of virus particles—which may profit from this new model of performing XFEL science.

Published in New Journal of Physics

ISSN: 1367-2630 (Online)
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Science: Physics
Website: https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1367-2630

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