Vacuum-ultraviolet laser source for spectroscopy of trapped thorium ions

Abstract

A tunable vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) laser source based on four-wave frequency mixing in xenon is presented. Using seed radiation from two continuous-wave lasers, the system allows for precise control of the VUV frequency and is developed for the resonant laser excitation of the Th-229 nucleus to its low-energy isomeric state. The system is prepared to operate in a wide scanning range from 148 nm to 155 nm. The source produces pulses of 6–10 ns duration with up to 40 µ J energy and is coupled via a vacuum beamline to a linear radiofrequency ion trap. In a first implementation of VUV laser spectroscopy of trapped Th ^+ ions we excite three previously unknown resonance lines near 149 nm wavelength to electronic levels that are close to the Th-229 isomer energy. The resonances are detected and analyzed via fluorescence of the excited Th ^+ ions. An analysis of the lineshape is used to estimate the linewidth of the VUV radiation to be in the range of $\leqslant$ 6 GHz, dominated by phase noise that is enhanced in harmonic generation and in the four-wave mixing process. The prospects for the use of the system in nuclear laser spectroscopy of Th-229 are discussed.

Keywords

• VUV laser
• trapped ions
• nuclear laser excitation