A Review of the Production of Hyaluronic Acid in the Context of Its Integration into GBAER-Type Biorefineries
Guadalupe Pérez-Morales,
Héctor Mario Poggi-Varaldo,
Teresa Ponce-Noyola,
Abigail Pérez-Valdespino,
Everardo Curiel-Quesada,
Juvencio Galíndez-Mayer,
Nora Ruiz-Ordaz,
Perla Xochitl Sotelo-Navarro
Affiliations
Guadalupe Pérez-Morales
Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
Héctor Mario Poggi-Varaldo
Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
Teresa Ponce-Noyola
Microbial Genetics Group, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
Abigail Pérez-Valdespino
Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11350, Mexico
Everardo Curiel-Quesada
Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11350, Mexico
Juvencio Galíndez-Mayer
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
Nora Ruiz-Ordaz
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
Perla Xochitl Sotelo-Navarro
Departamento de Energía, Área de Tecnologías Sustentables, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 02200, Mexico
Biorefineries (BRFs) that process the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and generate bioproducts and bioenergies have attracted attention because they can simultaneously address energy and environmental problems/needs. The objective of this article was to critically review the microbial production of hyaluronic acid (MPHA) and its production profile for its integration into a GBAER-type BRF (a type of BRF based on organic wastes) and to identify the environmental and economic sustainability aspects of the modified BRF that would confirm it as a sustainable option. It was found that the MPHA by selected strains of pathogenic Streptococci was moderate to high, although the trend to work with genetically transformed (GT) (innocuous) bacteria is gaining momentum. For instance, A GT strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum reached a maximum HA production of 71.4 g L−1. MPHA reports that use organic wastes as sources of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are scarce. When alternative sources of C and N were used simultaneously, HA production by S. zooepidemicus was lower than that with conventional sources. We identified several knowledge gaps that must be addressed regarding aspects of process scale-up, HA industrial production, economic feasibility and sustainability, and environmental sustainability of the MPHA.
