Concept, principle, model and significance of the fault controlling hydrocarbon theory

Abstract

Based on discussions about the tectonic background and the relationship between faulting and petroleum accumulation in Chinese continental basins, this paper introduces the basic concepts, principles, scientific foundation, an exploration of fault controlling hydrocarbon theory as well as the differences between fault controlling hydrocarbon theory and other viewpoints about fault controlling petroleum. The geologic tectonic backgrounds of compression from three directions, continental facies basin, extension in east and compression in west, developed faults and frequent tectonic movement suggests that faulting is the main reason for various geological processes that influence petroleum generation, migration, accumulation and distribution in Chinese oil-bearing basins. The exploration concept based on fault controlling hydrocarbon theory is: take faults as the main control factor, find hydrocarbon controlling faults such as source-controlling faults and trap-controlling faults as well as seal faults, analyze their petroleum migration and accumulation potential, evaluate trap properties and determine the exploration targets. 摘 要: 在论述中国陆相盆地大地构造背景、断裂活动基本特征及其与成盆成烃成藏关系基础上，系统介绍了断裂控烃理论提出的背景及断裂控烃理论的基本概念、原理、主要内容、科学依据和基于断裂控烃理论的勘探思路，并指出断裂控烃理论与其他断裂控油观点认识的不同之处，最后指出了断裂控烃理论的意义。研究表明，三面受挤、陆相为主、东张西压、断裂发育、运动频繁的地质构造背景决定了断裂是控制中国含油气盆地各种地质作用和油气生、运、聚、散、分布的根本因素。基于断裂控烃理论的勘探思路是以断裂（尤其是深大断裂）为主要控制因素和基本线索，寻找控源断裂、控圈断裂、油源断裂及遮挡断裂等控烃断裂，分析断控圈闭和与断裂相关圈闭的油气运聚成藏条件，进行含油气性评价，以确定有利的勘探目标。 Key words: faulting, petroleum accumulation, fault controlling hydrocarbon, theoretical system, concept and principle, significance