Pro-resolving metabolites: Future of the fish oil supplements

Abstract

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 fatty acids have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for managing inflammatory diseases. This comprehensive review examines the role of SPMs in inflammation resolution and tissue repair across various disease conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes, and cancer. We discuss the diverse metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of SPMs, their mechanisms of action, and their effects on immune cell function and inflammatory signaling pathways. Clinical trials and preclinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of SPMs in reducing inflammation and improving patient outcomes are summarized. Therapeutic dosages of SPMs are compared to their precursors. Challenges associated with determining optimal dosages, factors influencing metabolic efficiency, and the development of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for SPMs are also discussed. Despite the progress made, further research is needed to optimize SPM therapies and address remaining challenges for clinical translation.

Keywords

• Omega-3 fatty acids
• Specialized pro-resolving mediators
• Inflammation resolution